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    Measurement of e+e− Momentum and Angular Distributions from Linearly Polarized Photon Collisions

    J. Adam6, L. Adamczyk2, J. R. Adams39, J. K. Adkins30, G. Agakishiev28, M. M. Aggarwal40, Z. Ahammed59, I. Alekseev3,35, D. M. Anderson53 et al. (STAR Collaboration)

    D. M. Anderson53, A. Aparin28, E. C. Aschenauer6, M. U. Ashraf11, F. G. Atetalla29, A. Attri40, G. S. Averichev28, V. Bairathi22, K. Barish10, A. Behera51, R. Bellwied20, A. Bhasin27, J. Bielcik14, J. Bielcikova38, L. C. Bland6, I. G. Bordyuzhin3, J. D. Brandenburg48,6,*, A. V. Brandin35, J. Butterworth44, H. Caines62, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez8, D. Cebra8, I. Chakaberia29,6, P. Chaloupka14, B. K. Chan9, F-H. Chang37, Z. Chang6, N. Chankova-Bunzarova28, A. Chatterjee11, D. Chen10, J. H. Chen18, X. Chen47, Z. Chen48, J. Cheng55, M. Cherney13, M. Chevalier10, S. Choudhury18, W. Christie6, H. J. Crawford7, M. Csanád16, M. Daugherity1, T. G. Dedovich28, I. M. Deppner19, A. A. Derevschikov42, L. Didenko6, X. Dong31, J. L. Drachenberg1, J. C. Dunlop6, T. Edmonds43, N. Elsey61, J. Engelage7, G. Eppley44, R. Esha51, S. Esumi56, O. Evdokimov12, A. Ewigleben32, O. Eyser6, R. Fatemi30, S. Fazio6, P. Federic38, J. Fedorisin28, C. J. Feng37, Y. Feng43, P. Filip28, E. Finch50, Y. Fisyak6, A. Francisco62, L. Fulek2, C. A. Gagliardi53, T. Galatyuk15, F. Geurts44, A. Gibson58, K. Gopal23, D. Grosnick58, A. I. Hamad29, A. Hamed5, J. W. Harris62, S. He11, W. He18, X. He26, S. Heppelmann8, S. Heppelmann41, N. Herrmann19, E. Hoffman20, L. Holub14, Y. Hong31, S. Horvat62, Y. Hu18, H. Z. Huang9, S. L. Huang51, T. Huang37, X. Huang55, T. J. Humanic39, P. Huo51, G. Igo9, D. Isenhower1, W. W. Jacobs25, C. Jena23, A. Jentsch6, Y. JI47, J. Jia6,51, K. Jiang47, S. Jowzaee61, X. Ju47, E. G. Judd7, S. Kabana29, M. L. Kabir10, S. Kagamaster32, D. Kalinkin25, K. Kang55, D. Kapukchyan10, K. Kauder6, H. W. Ke6, D. Keane29, A. Kechechyan28, M. Kelsey31, Y. V. Khyzhniak35, D. P. Kikoła60, C. Kim10, B. Kimelman8, D. Kincses16, T. A. Kinghorn8, I. Kisel17, A. Kiselev6, A. Kisiel60, S. R. Klein31, M. Kocan14, L. Kochenda35, L. K. Kosarzewski14, L. Kramarik14, P. Kravtsov35, K. Krueger4, N. Kulathunga Mudiyanselage20, L. Kumar40, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli61, J. H. Kwasizur25, R. Lacey51, S. Lan11, J. M. Landgraf6, J. Lauret6, A. Lebedev6, R. Lednicky28, J. H. Lee6, Y. H. Leung31, C. Li47, W. Li44, W. Li49, X. Li47, Y. Li55, Y. Liang29, R. Licenik38, T. Lin53, Y. Lin11, M. A. Lisa39, F. Liu11, H. Liu25, P. Liu51, P. Liu49, T. Liu62, X. Liu39, Y. Liu53, Z. Liu47, T. Ljubicic6, W. J. Llope61, R. S. Longacre6, N. S. Lukow52, S. Luo12, X. Luo11, G. L. Ma49, L. Ma18, R. Ma6, Y. G. Ma49, N. Magdy12, R. Majka62, D. Mallick36, S. Margetis29, C. Markert54, H. S. Matis31, J. A. Mazer45, N. G. Minaev42, S. Mioduszewski53, B. Mohanty36, I. Mooney61, Z. Moravcova14, D. A. Morozov42, M. Nagy16, J. D. Nam52, Md. Nasim22, K. Nayak11, D. Neff9, J. M. Nelson7, D. B. Nemes62, M. Nie48, G. Nigmatkulov35, T. Niida56, L. V. Nogach42, T. Nonaka11, G. Odyniec31, A. Ogawa6, S. Oh62, V. A. Okorokov35, B. S. Page6, R. Pak6, A. Pandav36, Y. Panebratsev28, B. Pawlik2,63, D. Pawlowska60, H. Pei11, C. Perkins7, L. Pinsky20, R. L. Pintér16, J. Pluta60, J. Porter31, M. Posik52, N. K. Pruthi40, M. Przybycien2, J. Putschke61, H. Qiu26, A. Quintero52, S. K. Radhakrishnan29, S. Ramachandran30, R. L. Ray54, R. Reed32, H. G. Ritter31, J. B. Roberts44, O. V. Rogachevskiy28, J. L. Romero8, L. Ruan6, J. Rusnak38, N. R. Sahoo48, H. Sako56, S. Salur45, J. Sandweiss62, S. Sato56, W. B. Schmidke6, N. Schmitz33, B. R. Schweid51, F. Seck15, J. Seger13, M. Sergeeva9, R. Seto10, P. Seyboth33, N. Shah24, E. Shahaliev28, P. V. Shanmuganathan6, M. Shao47, F. Shen48, W. Q. Shen49, S. S. Shi11, Q. Y. Shou49, E. P. Sichtermann31, R. Sikora2, M. Simko38, J. Singh40, S. Singha26, N. Smirnov62, W. Solyst25, P. Sorensen6, H. M. Spinka4, B. Srivastava43, T. D. S. Stanislaus58, M. Stefaniak60, D. J. Stewart62, M. Strikhanov35, B. Stringfellow43, A. A. P. Suaide46, M. Sumbera38, B. Summa41, X. M. Sun11, Y. Sun47, Y. Sun21, B. Surrow52, D. N. Svirida3, P. Szymanski60, A. H. Tang6, Z. Tang47, A. Taranenko35, T. Tarnowsky34, J. H. Thomas31, A. R. Timmins20, D. Tlusty13, M. Tokarev28, C. A. Tomkiel32, S. Trentalange9, R. E. Tribble53, P. Tribedy6, S. K. Tripathy16, O. D. Tsai9, Z. Tu6, T. Ullrich6, D. G. Underwood4, I. Upsal48,6, G. Van Buren6, J. Vanek38, A. N. Vasiliev42, I. Vassiliev17, F. Videbæk6, S. Vokal28, S. A. Voloshin61, F. Wang43, G. Wang9, J. S. Wang21, P. Wang47, Y. Wang11, Y. Wang55, Z. Wang48, J. C. Webb6, P. C. Weidenkaff19, L. Wen9, G. D. Westfall34, H. Wieman31, S. W. Wissink25, R. Witt57, Y. Wu10, Z. G. Xiao55, G. Xie31, W. Xie43, H. Xu21, N. Xu31, Q. H. Xu48, Y. F. Xu49, Y. Xu48, Z. Xu6, Z. Xu9, C. Yang48, Q. Yang48, S. Yang6, Y. Yang37, Z. Yang11, Z. Ye44, Z. Ye12, L. Yi48, K. Yip6, H. Zbroszczyk60, W. Zha47, D. Zhang11, S. Zhang47, S. Zhang49, X. P. Zhang55, Y. Zhang47, Y. Zhang11, Z. J. Zhang37, Z. Zhang6, J. Zhao43, C. Zhong49, C. Zhou49, X. Zhu55, Z. Zhu48, M. Zurek31, and M. Zyzak17 (STAR Collaboration)

    • 1Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
    • 2AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
    • 3Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC “Kurchatov Institute,” Moscow 117218, Russia
    • 4Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
    • 5American University of Cairo, New Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
    • 6Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
    • 7University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
    • 8University of California, Davis, California 95616
    • 9University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
    • 10University of California, Riverside, California 92521
    • 11Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
    • 12University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
    • 13Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
    • 14Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
    • 15Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
    • 16ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
    • 17Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
    • 18Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
    • 19University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
    • 20University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
    • 21Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
    • 22Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
    • 23Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
    • 24Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
    • 25Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
    • 26Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
    • 27University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
    • 28Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
    • 29Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
    • 30University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
    • 31Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
    • 32Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
    • 33Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
    • 34Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
    • 35National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
    • 36National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
    • 37National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
    • 38Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
    • 39Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
    • 40Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
    • 41Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
    • 42NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
    • 43Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
    • 44Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
    • 45Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
    • 46Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05314-970, Brazil
    • 47University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
    • 48Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
    • 49Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
    • 50Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
    • 51State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
    • 52Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
    • 53Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
    • 54University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
    • 55Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
    • 56University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
    • 57United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402
    • 58Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
    • 59Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
    • 60Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
    • 61Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
    • 62Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
    • 63Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow 31-342, Poland

    • *Corresponding author. star-publication@bnl.gov

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 052302 – Published 27 July, 2021

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.052302

    Abstract

    The Breit-Wheeler process which produces matter and antimatter from photon collisions is experimentally investigated through the observation of 6085 exclusive electron-positron pairs in ultraperipheral Au+Au collisions at sNN=200  GeV. The measurements reveal a large fourth-order angular modulation of cos4Δϕ=(16.8±2.5)% and smooth invariant mass distribution absent of vector mesons (ϕ, ω, and ρ) at the experimental limit of ≤0.2% of the observed yields. The differential cross section as a function of e+e− pair transverse momentum P⊥ peaks at low value with ⟨P⊥2⟩=38.1±0.9  MeV and displays a significant centrality dependence. These features are consistent with QED calculations for the collision of linearly polarized photons quantized from the extremely strong electromagnetic fields generated by the highly charged Au nuclei at ultrarelativistic speed. The experimental results have implications for vacuum birefringence and for mapping the magnetic field which is important for emergent QCD phenomena.

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